ANTHROPOCENTRICISM VS Ecocentrism: Two sides of the coin-RECONCILIATION THROUGH RECOGNITION
FIRE AND ICE BY ROBERT FROST
Some say the world will end in fire,
Some say in ice.
From what I’ve tasted of desire
I hold with those who favor fire.
But if it had to perish twice,
I think I know enough of hate
To say that for destruction ice
Is also great
And would suffice.
1-TAREEKH KA NAYA MOR BY ALI ABBAS JALALPURI
ANCIENT LANGUAGES DID NOT HAVE THE WORD FOR I BECAUSE HAD NO CONCEPT OF OWNERSHIP
2-Ancient Society BY Lewis Henry Morgan (1818-1881), American anthropologist:
-the evolution of society
-four parts:(1) “Growth of Intelligence Through Inventions and Discoveries”; (2) “Growth of the Idea of Government”; (3) “Growth of the Idea of the Family”; (4) “Growth of the Idea of Property.”
-Two theories of evolution are used: an idealistic and a materialistic one. -According to the idealistic one, institutions are explained as the accumulated product of germs of thought in the human mind;
- The second theory rests on zoological, ecological, and technological explanations. Man is seen as an animal species effecting life-sustaining adjustments to his habitat by technological means; culture evolves as control by these means is improved and extended.
REALIAZATION & REACTION
3- Ecolinguistics: Language, Ecology and the Stories We Live By (Arran Stibbe is Professor of Ecological Linguistics at the University of Gloucestershire)
-INDIVIDUALISM
-PROGRESS
-ECONOMISM
-ANTHROPOCENTRICISM
The book presents a theoretical framework and practical tools for analysing the key texts which shape the society we live in. The theory is illustrated through examples, including the representation of environmental refugees in the media; the construction of the selfish consumer in economics textbooks; the parallels between climate change denial and coronavirus denial; the erasure of nature in the Sustainable Development Goals; creation myths and how they orient people towards the natural world; and inspirational forms of language in nature writing, Japanese haiku and Native American writing. This edition provides an updated theoretical framework, new example analyses, and an additional chapter on narratives.
4-“I have been studying the traits and dispositions of the "lower animals" (so called) and contrasting them with the traits and dispositions of man. I find the result humiliating to me.”
― Mark Twain, Letters from the Earth: Uncensored Writings
5-ANIMAL’S PEOPLE By Indra Sinha Sinha’s narrator is a 19-year-old orphan, born a few days before the disaster, whose spine has become so twisted that he must walk on all fours. Known to everyone simply as Animal, "I used to be human once. So I'm told. I don't remember it myself, but people who knew me when I was small say I walked on two feet, just like a human being..."https://www.nytimes.com/.../03/09/books/review/Mishan-t.html
Writer Indra Sinha's novel Animal's People is based on the notorious incident at Bhopal in India in 1984, when a pesticide plant run by Union Carbide released 40 tonnes of toxic gas, immediately killing almost 3,000 people and causing at least 15,000 to 22,000 deaths in total. Those affected by the incident have still had no compensation and no one has been prosecuted for poisoning them. In an exclusive piece for guardianweekly.co.uk, Sinha describes the origins of his novel and reflects on the nature of Animal, the book's feisty protagonist
6- GREEN ROMANTICISM Jonathan Bate
Darkness
BY LORD BYRON (GEORGE GORDON)
“I had a dream, which was not all a dream.
The bright sun was extinguish’d, and the stars
Did wander darkling in the eternal space,
Rayless, and pathless, and the icy earth
Swung blind and blackening in the moonless air;
Morn came and went—and came, and brought no day,”
― George Gordon Lord Byron
7-Ecosemiotics is a branch of semiotics in its intersection with human ecology, ecological anthropology and ecocriticism. It studies sign processes in culture, which relate to other living beings, communities, and landscapes.[1] Ecosemiotics also deals with sign-mediated aspects of ecosystems. [2]
8-Ecosophy or ecophilosophy is a philosophy of ecological harmony or equilibrium. The term was coined by the French post-structuralist philosopher and psychoanalyst Félix Guattari and the Norwegian father of deep ecology, Arne Næss.
9-Trans-species Social Justice
Trans-species social justice critiques the intersectional nature of power relations, domination, and oppression, not only of humans but of all animals so that we can address the root of the problems.
10- DENOUEMENT: REALIZE-RECOGNIZE- REDEFINE & RECONCILE
stories are the secret reservoir of values: change the stories that individuals or nations live by and you change the individuals and nations themselves
The Four Pests campaign- one of the first actions taken in the “Great Leap forward”. The thrust of this campaign was to eliminate four pests, viz. rats, flies, mosquitoes, and sparrows.
Smash Sparrow”, this campaign launched in the year 1958 by Mao Zedong is the worst ecological disaster known to mankind. Mao felt that sparrows ate too much grain and China could do without such pests. Thus, he decreed that all sparrows be killed.
But within a year, China realized that sparrows ate not only grain but also pests, for example, they ate locusts. Chinese agriculture was hit badly with an exponential rise in insect infestations, including locust attacks. There were no sparrows left to predate them.
A famine naturally followed and people simply ran out of food. Even according to the conservative official estimates, 15 million people died, while some scholars peg the number of actual fatalities as high as 45 or even 78 million.
jañgaloñ ko kaaT kar kaisā ġhazab ham ne kiyā
shahr jaisā ek ādam-ḳhor paidā kar liyā
FARHAT EHSAS
