Language Code Where in the brain is language located, and how do we know?

The brain is a complex and fascinating organ that houses several regions responsible for processing various sensations, including sight and sound. However, it is also home to specific areas that deal specifically with language processing and production. The two main parts of the brain concerned with language are Broca's Area and Wernicke's Area. Broca's Area is responsible for constructing the grammar and syntax of language and aiding in speech planning and production. Meanwhile, Wernicke's Area is responsible for comprehension of speech and the storage of our mental dictionary.

The angular gyrus plays a key role in connecting different types of language-related information, such as auditory, visual, and sensory information. It is located near other important brain regions, including the parietal lobe which processes tactile sensation, the occipital lobe which is involved in visual analysis, and the temporal lobe which processes sound. The angular gyrus allows us to associate a word with different images, sensations, and ideas.

Brain imaging techniques, such as functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and Electroencephalograms (EEG), help us understand where language is located in the brain and how it is processed. fMRI shows us where language processing takes place in the brain, but it cannot tell us the order of the processing or how long it takes. On the other hand, EEGs are able to provide information on the order and timeline of language processing, but they are not as precise in determining the exact location of language processing in the brain.

In 1998, the discovery of the FOXP2 gene in a British family with a speech disorder marked the first genetic link to speech and language. Individuals who have suffered a stroke or traumatic brain injury may also experience speech and language deficits, especially if the left side of the brain was affected. Aphasia, a disorder that affects speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills, is common among those with left-sided brain injuries. If the stroke affects the parts of the brain controlling speech muscles in the tongue, mouth, and lips, speech may become slurred or slowed.