Research Design Considerations
Navigating Philosophical Assumptions in Research Design: A Comparison of Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches
Aligning philosophical assumptions with the design of the research is critical to achieving methodological rigor and validity. Researchers can perform relevant and influential studies by recognizing the differences between quantitative and qualitative methodologies, as well as using reflective practices.
1. Understanding Philosophical Assumptions
Ontology and Epistemology: Foundation of research design, influencing research questions, approach, and methods.
Ontology: Nature of reality, ranging from objective to subjective perspectives.
Epistemology: Nature of knowledge acquisition, influenced by ontological beliefs.
2. Differentiating Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches
Use of Theory
Quantitative: Tests existing theories.
Qualitative: Utilizes theory as a lens or generates new theories.
Logic Utilization
Quantitative: Deductive logic, from theory to data.
Qualitative: Inductive logic, from data to theory.
Purpose of Results
Quantitative: Generalization.
Qualitative: Deep understanding in specific contexts.
Rigor Establishment
Quantitative: Emphasis on validity and reliability.
Qualitative: Focus on credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability.
View of Objectivity
Quantitative: Aim for objectivity.
Qualitative: Acknowledges researcher influence, emphasizes reflexivity.
Sampling Strategies
Quantitative: Large, randomly generated samples.
Qualitative: Purposive sampling for information-rich cases.
3. Practical Steps in Research Design
Philosophical Considerations
Reflect on ontological and epistemological stances.
Align research questions, approach, and methods accordingly.
Sampling Strategy Selection
Choose purposive sampling for qualitative research.
Reflexivity
Examine personal background and biases.
Challenge assumptions throughout the research process.
4. Practical Application Example
Resident Learning StudyUse interviews to explore resident learning experiences.
Apply grounded theory methodology with theoretical sampling.
Select extreme cases for deeper insights.
Continuously challenge assumptions and refine understanding.
5. Long-Term Strategies
Further Education
Familiarize with qualitative research guides and techniques.
Result Reporting
Tailor reporting style to qualitative approach.
Review and Adaptation
Study articles with similar methodologies for writing style inspiration.
Reference:
Wright, S., Nimmon, L., Law, M., & Mylopoulos, M. (2016). Research Design Considerations. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 8(1), 97-98. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-15-00566.1
