1. Introduction
The Department of English Linguistics and Literature (DELL) hosted the International Conference on Applied Linguistics (ICAL-26) in early April 2026. The conference was designed as a dynamic platform for applied linguistic inquiry, emphasizing that the discipline extends beyond academic analysis into ethical, prescriptive, and socially transformative practice.
The overarching objective was to explore the evolving role of language in contemporary society, particularly in contexts shaped by Artificial Intelligence, multilingualism, forensic interpretation, and ecolinguistics.
2. Conference Objectives
Demonstrate applied linguistics as a discipline of social intervention.
Explore the interface between technology, education, literature, and policy.
Examine ethical, cultural, and methodological considerations in linguistic research.
Promote interdisciplinary collaboration across law, healthcare, education, media studies, and environmental sciences.
3. Scope of Proceedings
The conference was structured around four main pillars:
AI and Language: Human-AI interaction in academic writing, translation, and automated feedback.
Ecolinguistics and Ecocriticism: Language as a lens for human-environment interaction.
Language Policy & Power: Colonial legacies, linguistic hierarchies, and social equity.
Forensic Linguistics & Healthcare: High-stakes environments where linguistic precision affects justice and health outcomes.
All sessions were guided by the Scenario-Driven Theoretical Synthesis (SDTS) Framework, ensuring empirical rigor and practical relevance.
4. Key Highlights of ICAL-26
4.1 Emerging Trends, Technology, and Social Realities
Social Media and Conflict: Dr. Wasima Shehzad demonstrated how digital discourse shapes modern conflict narratives.
Generative AI in Academia: Dr. Muhammad Shaban emphasized AI’s role in mechanical tasks while preserving human-driven critical reasoning.
Narrative Advocacy: Dr. Aroosa Kanwal highlighted Rohingya girls’ narratives, showcasing literature as an ethical intervention.
Interdisciplinary Bridges: Prof. Dr. Shaheena Ayub Bhatti integrated legal and literary analysis to contextualize global issues.
Cultural Pedagogy: Prof. Dr. Anis Ahmad stressed resisting colonial mimicry and promoting local linguistic identity.
4.2 Technology, Gender, and Ecocriticism
Ethics in collaborative research highlighted by Prof. George Jacobs.
Ecolinguistic frameworks applied to sci-fi literature by Aqsa Bibi.
Gendered interaction patterns analyzed by Prof. Dr. Sabrina Zemmour.
Ecocritical literary studies by Khawja Umar Rasheed and Fizza Faiz demonstrated literature’s role in environmental awareness.
4.3 Language Evolution and Translation
Pakistani English validated as culturally legitimate (Matria Maldonado).
AI-driven translation research emphasized by Dr. Ghulam Ali.
Age-inclusive communication strategies advocated by Maya David.
AI challenges in interpreting semantic drift in Urdu presented by Uzma Arshad.
5. Analytical Depth and Interdisciplinary Synthesis
5.1 Healthcare, Neurodiversity, and Forensic Linguistics
Doctor-patient interaction and high-stress communication studied by Sharifah Ayesha Binti Syed Mohd Noori.
Language barriers in healthcare and the need for professional interpretation highlighted by Asia Arif.
AI in ADHD education discussed by Hala Sedki, emphasizing strength-based learning.
Forensic linguistics and the “normalization trap” in court interpretation explained by Atif Mehmood.
5.2 Institutional Power and Pedagogical Landscapes
Multilingual leadership and linguistic hierarchies explored by Dr. Sareen Kaur Bhar.
Pedagogy using Islamabad’s linguistic landscape presented by Dr. Ghulam Abbas.
Translanguaging practices for inclusion discussed by Rukhsana Zafar.
AI literacy and active teaching roles emphasized by Ms. Eman Khalid Mahmood.
Language policy in Morocco analyzed by Prof. Zahra El Aouri.
5.3 Media Discourse, Identity, and Cultural Survival
Cultural erasure of the Rohingya and adaptive linguistic strategies in Pashto examined.
Endangered language revitalization in Hawaii and Dawoodi/Domaki regions highlighted.
Panel on media discourse emphasized the societal impact of framing, bias, and digital narratives.
6. Recommendations and Future Directions
Integrate applied linguistics more deeply into interdisciplinary programs, particularly in law, healthcare, and environmental studies.
Develop AI literacy curricula to complement human critical thinking in language-related fields.
Promote inclusive multilingual policies in education and public institutions.
Strengthen ethically-grounded research practices in collaboration and publication.
Encourage documentation and revitalization of endangered languages through digital media.
7. Conclusion
ICAL-26 successfully established that applied linguistics is a vital, transformative discipline. By merging empirical research, ethical reflection, and interdisciplinary collaboration, the conference underscored the central role of language in social justice, technological development, and cultural preservation.
The proceedings provide a clear roadmap for the future of applied linguistics, emphasizing inclusivity, technological literacy, ethical responsibility, and sustained interdisciplinary integration.
Post-Conference Report: International Conference on Applied Linguistics (ICAL-26)
Date: April 4, 2026 (Saturday & Sunday)
1. Executive Summary
The International Conference on Applied Linguistics (ICAL-26), hosted by the Department of English Linguistics and Literature (DELL), Riphah International University, Islamabad, was a two-day scholarly event that brought together national and international researchers to explore the role of applied linguistics in addressing contemporary global challenges.
The conference successfully demonstrated how linguistic inquiry extends beyond theoretical abstraction to engage with real-world issues such as environmental sustainability, media discourse, gender dynamics, and technological mediation. Across both days, presentations reflected substantial theoretical awareness and empirical grounding, with varying degrees of critical synthesis and original contribution.
2. Conference Overview
Conference Title: International Conference on Applied Linguistics (ICAL-26)
Duration: Two Days
Host Institution: Department of English Linguistics and Literature (DELL), Riphah International University, Islamabad
Participants: National and international scholars, researchers, and postgraduate students
Core Areas Covered:
Ecolinguistics
Discourse Analysis
Media and Communication
Literary Linguistics
Language, Society, and Power
3. Analytical Framework for Evaluation
This report evaluates conference sessions using the Scenario-Driven Theoretical Synthesis (SDTS) Framework, which emphasizes six stages of doctoral-level scholarly engagement:
Scenario Immersion
Theoretical Mapping
Stress-Testing of Theories
Dialectical Tension
Theoretical Synthesis and Refinement
Epistemic Self-Assessment
The framework enables a systematic assessment of the depth, rigor, and originality of each presentation.
Day-Wise Conference Review
Day 1 Overview
Day 1 primarily focused on emerging trends in applied linguistics, with particular emphasis on ecolinguistics, discourse construction, and media narratives.
Day 2 Overview
Day 2 showed a noticeable shift toward analytical depth and critical engagement, particularly in areas of gender discourse, mediated communication, and interdisciplinary synthesis.
Key Observations (SDTS-Aligned):
Improved Theoretical Precision: Presenters demonstrated clearer alignment between theory and data.
Dialectical Tension: Increased audience interaction and critical questioning enriched academic dialogue.
Theoretical Refinement:
Some presentations began moving toward hybrid or refined frameworks, though full synthesis remained limited.
Epistemic Self-Regulation:
A few presenters reflected on their methodological and theoretical assumptions, indicating growing scholarly maturity.
5. The ICAL-26 International Conference on Applied Linguistics
April 4 and 5, 2026
Al Mizan Campus Rawalpindi
Department of English Linguistics & Literature
Email: ical.conference@riphah.edu.pk Website: https://ical.riphah.edu.pk/ Introduction
The ICAL-26 Proceedings document a two-day international conference dedicated to advancing applied linguistics as a tool for addressing real-world social challenges. The conference provided a dynamic platform for researchers and scholars to present interdisciplinary work spanning English language teaching, linguistics, and literature.
With a strong emphasis on practical relevance, ICAL-26 encouraged the exploration of how language intersects with critical domains such as technology, healthcare, ecology, gender, policy, and justice. Through diverse thematic panels, including AI and language, ecolinguistics, discourse and representation, translation studies, and language policy, the conference highlighted the evolving role of linguistic research in responding to both local and global issues.
Overall, ICAL-26 reinforced its commitment to fostering intellectually rigorous, socially impactful, and interdisciplinary scholarship.
Representative Session Analysis
Day 1: April 4, 2026
Recitation of the Holy Quran & Naat
Session 1: 9:00 am - 11:15 AM, moderated by Sidra Mahmood, Assistant Professor, FSSH, DELL RIU, Islamabad
Inaugural Session (9:00 AM – 9:20 AM) Dr Muhammad Abdulla Baig, HOD DELL, RIU Islamabad
The conference commenced with a welcome address by Dr. Muhammad Abdullah Baig, Head of the Department of English Linguistics and Literature (DELL), Riphah International University, Islamabad. He formally welcomed the participants, outlined the purpose, scope, and thematic focus of ICAL-26, and emphasized the significance of applied linguistics in addressing contemporary social and academic challenges.
Day 1, Session 1 Presentation 1 | 9:25 AM – 9:49 AM Dr. Wasima Shehzad, Air University, Islamabad
Summary
Dr. Wasima Shehzad delivered an engaging and up-to-date presentation on Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), drawing on very recent developments in the Iran war and the role of social media. She critically examined how digital platforms construct, manipulate, and circulate narratives during conflict, highlighting issues of misinformation, propaganda, and ideological framing, phenomena widely observed in ongoing war-related online discourse. The talk was particularly impressive for its immediacy and relevance, demonstrating how CDA can effectively decode the power dynamics embedded in contemporary media narratives.
Day 1, Session 1 Presentation 2 | 9:50 AM – 10:40 AM Dr Muhammad Shaban, RILL, RIU, Lahore
Summary
Dr. Muhammad Shaban presented a study on the role of generative AI in doctoral dissertation writing, highlighting both its practical applications and inherent limitations. Based on qualitative data from doctoral students and supervisors, the study found that GenAI significantly enhances writing mechanics, data analysis, and argument structuring, thereby improving efficiency and allowing deeper intellectual focus. However, it emphasized that critical reasoning, originality, and contextual interpretation must remain human-driven, as AI outputs often lack depth and accuracy. The presentation underscored the growing importance of prompt literacy and ethical AI use, advocating a balanced model of human–AI collaboration in higher education research.
Day 1, Session 1 Presentation 3 | 10:10 AM – 10:31 AM Dr Aroosa Kanwal, Chairperson, Dept. of English, QAU, Islamabad
Summary
Dr Aroosa Kanwal delivered a compelling presentation examining the inhumane treatment of Rohingya Muslim girls, Amina and Ayesha, through a literary lens. Drawing on a novel-based analysis, she highlighted issues of marginalization, trauma, and resilience, while critically exploring the concepts of agency and voice within oppressive socio-political contexts. The session offered a powerful intersection of literature and human rights discourse, emphasizing how narrative can foreground silenced experiences and challenge dominant representations.
Day 1, Session 1 Presentation 4 | 10:32 AM – 10:57 AM Prof. Dr Shaheena Ayub Bhatti, Foundation University, Islamabad
Summary
Prof. Dr Shaheena Ayub Bhatti delivered an insightful presentation on the significance of cross-disciplinary research and the pathways to achieving it. Drawing on the example of the Dakota Access Pipeline case, she illustrated how legal, environmental, and social dimensions intersect, necessitating collaboration across fields. She emphasized that different disciplines construct and communicate knowledge in distinct ways, while scientific and legal discourses rely on technical precision, literature offers a more accessible and emotionally resonant mode of engagement. The session highlighted the importance of bridging disciplinary boundaries, simplifying complex vocabulary, and leveraging literary discourse to make critical global issues more comprehensible and impactful for wider audiences.
The session encourages the audience to explore how we can systematically integrate literary discourse with scientific and legal frameworks without losing the precision of technical knowledge or the emotional depth of literature.
Day 1 Session 1 Final Talk | 10:58 AM – 11:15 AM
Prof Dr Anis Ahmad, Founding Vice-Chancellor, Riphah International University, Islamabad
Prof. Dr. Anis Ahmad reflected on the history of linguistics and the nature of communication, highlighting how societies often adopt borrowed ideas and imported meanings. He critiqued the widespread preference in Pakistan for children to speak English with British or American accents, noting that such imitation fosters a “mentally enslaved” attitude affecting social behavior. Using examples like the usage of “dinner,” “lunch,” and “supper,” he illustrated how etymology and historical context carry cultural weight in language.
He stressed that linguistics should be liberating, not enslaving, urging teachers and students to move beyond Anglicization and colonial mentalities. Drawing on examples from other nations like Nepal, he advocated embracing and promoting local and Islamic cultural values while respecting the history of English without subservience. Ultimately, he called for Pakistan to aim for leadership in linguistics rather than mere imitation of institutions like Chicago, Cambridge, or Princeton, emphasizing the need to review and renegotiate entrenched linguistic ideas to foster a simple, peaceful, and culturally grounded approach to language.
Break: 11:00 AM to 11:44 AM
Session 2 11:45 AM - 1:00 PM
Moderated by Dr Awais bin Wasi, Assistant Professor, DELL, FSSH, RIU
Day 1 Session 2 Presentation 1 | 11:45 AM - 12:10 PM
Professor George Jacobs, Rachelle Lintao
Professor George Jacobs discussed multiple authorships and collaborative research, emphasizing its role in advancing knowledge and fostering success, including notable achievements like Nobel Prizes. He explained that authorship involves intellectual contribution, such as developing theoretical frameworks, methodology, data interpretation, analysis, discussion, and writing, rather than simply providing data. While the first author is often recognized as the lead researcher, all contributors are essential, and collaboration requires equitable effort. Drawing on John Dewey, Jacobs highlighted that empathy and cooperation are key to effective collaboration in research.
Day 1 Session 2 Presentation 2 | 11:45 AM - 12:20 PM
Laiba Allah Rakha COMSATS Islamabad
ABSENT
Day 1 Session 2 Presentation 3 | 12:20 - 12:34 PM
Aqsa Bibi, DELL Riphah
Aqsa Bibi (DELL, Riphah) presented on techno-humanism and ecolinguistics, exploring how language shapes human relationships and meaning, particularly in the context of ecological crises. She highlighted that the crisis of ecology is also a crisis of meaning, emphasizing the importance of ecological discourse. Drawing on Timothy Morton’s Dark Ecology, she stressed that humans are not central or dominating; all beings and “hyperobjects” like plastic are interconnected and must coexist.
Using the sci-fi series WondLa—Season 1, Bibi illustrated her theme: humans have destroyed the planet, animals attempt to restore it, and humans can become enemies of their own technology. She argued for building frameworks that condemn harmful habits, promote responsible innovation, and ensure survival alongside technology.
Day 1 Session 2 Presentation 4 | 12:35-1245 PM
Professor Dr Sabrina Zemmour, Algeria
Professor Dr. Sabrina Zemmour (Algeria) examined the use and interactional functions of tag questions and minimal responses, drawing on Lakoff’s framework. Her research addressed how male and female speakers use these features, using data from a YouTube movie where a rich man mocks his mother and son. Analysis, both qualitative and quantitative, revealed that men used more interruptions to assert control, while both men and women employed minimal responses nearly equally to soften or mitigate conversation. The findings align with existing literature on gendered interaction patterns.
Day 1 Session 2 Presentation 5 | 11:45 AM - 12:10 PM
Khawja Umar Rasheed, co-author/Fizza Faiz, both PhD Scholars at AJK University
Khawja Umar Rasheed and Fizza Faiz (PhD Scholars, AJK Universities) presented an ecocritical study of selected Pakistani poems by Ahmad Faraz and Taufeeq Rafat, exploring how literature fosters ecological consciousness. Using Halliday’s three metafunctions, ideational, interpersonal, and textual, they analyzed how nature is portrayed as an active agent and participant in the poems.
Ahmad Faraz’s “Ab Ke Ham Bichray” and “Dry Flowers” use ecological imagery to express melancholy and separation, while Taufeeq Rafat’s “Wedding in the Flood” and “Wedding in Monsoon Season” depict nature as both disruptive and restorative, highlighting ecological instability and cultural realism. The study emphasizes how language and literature reveal the human-nature connection and promote environmental awareness.
Lunch Break: 11:00 PM-1:40 PM
Session 3: 1:47 PM to 3:40 PM
Moderator Zain Ftima, RIU
Day 1 Session 3 Presentation 1 | 1:49 PM - 2:04 PM
Maria Maldonado
Maria Maldonado presented a study on Pakistani English, analyzing 198 newspaper articles and selected novel dialogues to document lexical features, grammar, pronunciation, and reduplication patterns. Using a mixed-methods approach, she compiled and cleaned a corpus, categorizing data and recording types and frequencies of reduplications, including code-mixing forms like “doctor-shoctor.” She emphasized that Pakistani English has evolved naturally, is not incorrect, and adapts language to local needs. Only novels by authors residing in Pakistan were included to reflect authentic Pakistani English.
Day 1 Session 3 Presentation 2 | 2:05 PM - 2:10 PM
Sadia Tahir
Sadia Tahir presented on AI-based analytics as feedback for pedagogical improvement. Using feedback theory, reflective practices (Schön), and the Teacher-in-the-Loop (TTIL) model, her study involved 18 teachers and 42 student surveys over 10 weeks. Findings showed modest gains (6.2%) in engagement, small-group collaboration, and overall pedagogical coherence. She highlighted the importance of embedding feedforward mechanisms and bias calibration within iterative cycles to maximize the impact of AI-based feedback in teaching.
Day 1 Session 3 Presentation 3 | 2:10 PM - 2:30 PM
Abdel Malik DIDI with colleague Abdel Ghani mm (Algeria)
Abdel Malik Didi and Abdel Ghani (Algeria) presented an AI-based study of grammar in writing for EFL learners. Their research compared AI-generated grammatical feedback with human revision, using essays collected at an Algerian university. Findings showed AI tools are highly accurate at detecting surface-level errors such as punctuation, articles, and subject-verb agreement, but perform poorly in context-sensitive evaluation. They concluded that AI can enhance grammatical awareness but should be used supportively, with critical human evaluation rather than total reliance.
QA Session: 2:30 PM-2:34 PM
Session Review: 2:34 PM - 2:35 PM
Moderator: Samina Najeeb, RIU
Day 1 Session 3 Presentation 4 | 2:45 PM - 2:55 PM
Keynote speaker: Dr. Ghulam Ali, director, Center for Languages and TRANSLATION/STUDIES
APPLIED LINGUISTICS, AIOU, Islamabad
Dr. Ghulam Ali (AIOU, Islamabad), in his keynote on “Shifting Paradigms in Translation Studies,” explored how the field has evolved in the age of AI. Using bibliographic and corpus-based analysis, he highlighted a sharp rise in research output after 2015, with major contributions from countries like China, Spain, and the UK.
He emphasized emerging trends such as machine translation, eye-tracking, and AI-driven tools, noting a shift from purely linguistic and literary approaches to technologically and culturally integrated frameworks. With the growing role of neural networks and large language models, translation studies now represent a human-AI nexus. He concluded by stressing that Pakistan must adapt to these changes by localizing both technology and perspective in the post-colonial context.
Day 1 Session 3 Presentation 5 | 2:55 PM - 3:10 PM
Keynote speaker: Maya David
Keynote speaker Maya David discussed language shift, ageism, and gerontolinguistics, focusing on how language shapes the experiences of older people, particularly in marginalized communities. Aligning her work with UN Sustainable Development Goals, she highlighted the importance of age-inclusive language and examined how communication can either empower or marginalize senior citizens.
Using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), her research explored language use in contexts such as old homes and communities in Sindh, revealing patterns of age-based discrimination. Based on qualitative studies, she found that older individuals value storytelling but resist discriminatory language. She emphasized the need for age-friendly linguistic practices and greater awareness of how aging is socially constructed through discourse.
Day 1 Session 3 Presentation 6 | 3:10 PM - 3:20 PM
Dr Shair Ali Khan, IIUI
Dr. Shair Ali Khan explored the epistemology of Qur’anic translation in the postcolonial subcontinent, highlighting its historical and ideological sensitivities. He traced the origins of translation practices to early scholars, emphasizing that Shah Wali Ullah was a foundational figure who translated the Qur’an into Persian and established key principles, balancing word-for-word accuracy with contextual meaning and coherence.
The talk examined how different groups, including Qadyani and Muslim translators, adopted distinct interpretive approaches shaped by their ideological positions. In the post-1857 colonial context, some translations reflected political motivations, including justifications of resistance. Overall, the presentation underscored that Qur’anic translation in the subcontinent is deeply influenced by theological, cultural, and political frameworks, making it a complex and contested field.
Day 1 Session 3 Presentation 7 | 3:21 PM - 3:28 PM Mr. Nawaz, MPhil Scholar from NUML
A technical glitch disrupted the presentation
Day 1 Session 3 Presentation 8 | 3:30 PM - 3:38 PM Uzma Arshad, Lecturer, CUST, Islamabad, PhD scholar
Uzma Arshad (CUST, Islamabad) presented a corpus-based study on AI translation and semantic drift in Urdu, examining how evolving meanings of words challenge AI models. Using a qualitative interpretative approach and drawing on Saussure’s synchronic and diachronic perspectives, she analyzed selected Urdu words across historical and contemporary contexts.
Her findings showed that while Urdu is dynamic and shaped by rich cultural influences, AI models often capture only literal meanings and struggle with context-sensitive and culturally embedded meanings (e.g., culturally specific words like “lota”). She emphasized that improving AI translation requires better training data, cultural awareness, and attention to ongoing semantic change.
Day 1 Session 3 Presentation 9 | 3:38 PM - 3:40 PM Syeda Hassan with Dr Waseema Air University
Rumi Meets: cancelled due to a technical glitch
Absent
Day 1 Session 3 Presentation 10 | 3:38 PM - 3:49 PM Maryam Nauman
Absent
Day 1 Session 3 Presentation 11 | 3:40 PM - 3:41 PM Maryam Nauman
PhD Scholar, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan
Translation Studies: Rahman Baba Dewan
Absent
Day 1 Session 3 Presentation 12: | 3:41 PM - 3:42 PM Maryam Nauman, PhD Scholar, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan
Day 1 Session 3 Presentation 13: 42 PM - 3:43 PM
Presenter Absent
The session concluded at 3:44 pm sharp!
Day 2, April 5, 5, 2026
Recitation of the Holy Quran & Naat
Moderator: Ms Zain
Session 1: 9:00 AM-10:00 AM
Opening Presentation: 9:19 AM - 9:20 AM
Sharifah Ayesha Binti Syed Mohd Noori, University Malaya
Sharifah Ayesha Binti Syed Mohd Noori presented an insightful keynote on the expanding role of applied linguistics in healthcare communication. She emphasized that language is central to doctor–patient interaction and highlighted emerging intersections with AI, translation studies, and corpus linguistics. Drawing on three research projects, she illustrated how discourse analysis can uncover doctors’ perceptions of patient decision-making, support interdisciplinary collaboration in areas such as gum disease prevention, and address workplace challenges like stress and bullying among medical professionals.
Her talk underscored the shift of linguistics from the periphery to a more central role in the health sector, while also raising critical questions about data ownership, disciplinary boundaries, and the nature of knowledge production. She concluded by advocating for more ecologically valid, interdisciplinary approaches that move beyond rigid academic boundaries to engage real-world healthcare challenges more effectively.
Presentation 1: 9:20 AM-9:37 AM
Asia Arif, UG Translation Studies, IIUI, Islamabad
Presentation by Youngest Presenter)
Asia Arif, an undergraduate student of Translation Studies at IIUI, Islamabad, delivered a remarkable and socially impactful presentation titled “Who Speaks for the Patient in Islamabad?" Drawing on data collected through Google Forms interviews, she highlighted the critical issue of language barriers in healthcare, revealing that a majority of patients struggle to communicate effectively, leading to compromised diagnosis and treatment.
She emphasized the role of family members as informal interpreters and argued that the absence of professional medical interpretation carries significant risks. The study critically linked the dominance of English in healthcare to a lingering colonial legacy, which continues to marginalize non-English-speaking patients. She advocated for the introduction of formal medical interpretation services, especially in emergencies, and called for reforms in medical education as well as active involvement of translation studies departments in training professional interpreters.
Presentation 2: 9:37 AM-9:52 AM
Hala Sedki, Morocco, AI in education for learners with ADHD
Hala Sedki presented a thought-provoking study on the role of AI in education for learners with ADHD, situating the discussion within broader frameworks of neurodiversity and inclusive education. She highlighted that while AI in education has evolved over decades, its integration in classrooms remains limited. Drawing on pedagogical, domain, and learner models, she explained how AI can personalize learning by supporting attention, executive functioning, and engagement among neurodivergent students.
The presentation emphasized a shift from deficit-based perspectives to strength-based understandings of neurodiversity, framing it as both a social and clinical concern. While acknowledging AI’s transformative potential, she critically addressed challenges such as the digital divide, data ethics, bias, and reduced social interaction. She concluded by advocating for balanced, transparent, and inclusive use of AI, supported by longitudinal research, to ensure it serves as a tool for equity rather than reinforcing existing disparities.
Presentation 3: 9:52 AM-10:04 AM
Atif Mehmood, court interpreter, Qatar Forensic Linguistics
Atif Mehmood’s presentation on forensic linguistics and courtroom interpretation illuminated the delicate interplay between language, cognition, and justice. He emphasized that interpreting in legal contexts extends far beyond literal translation: an interpreter who attends solely to words risks distorting meaning and obscuring communicative intent. Critical factors—pauses, gestures, rhythm, hesitation, and individual speaker style—must all be accounted for to ensure clarity and fidelity. Mehmood highlighted the "normalization trap,” where interpreters inadvertently sanitize or reshape speech, leaving subtle linguistic fingerprints that may alter perception or assign certainty where ambiguity existed. He argued that interpreters are not passive conduits but active mediators, charged with preserving idiolect and the essence of the original message while remaining neutral. Ultimately, he framed courtroom interpretation as a deeply applied linguistic practice: one where accuracy, voice, and comprehensibility converge to uphold communicative justice, demonstrating how nuanced attention to language can directly affect ethical and societal outcomes.
Presentation 4: 10:04 AM-10:09 AM
Anam Khan, a PhD scholar in Islamic Studies, New Delhi, India
Anam Khan presented an insightful analysis of language, power, and persuasion in religious sermons, highlighting how discourse shapes belief and behavior in both traditional and digital contexts. Using a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach, she examined how linguistic features such as pronouns, metaphors, and clear, accessible language are strategically employed to engage audiences.
She further emphasized the persuasive role of religious references, particularly the use of the Quran and Hadith, along with themes of reward and punishment, in reinforcing authority and guiding audience interpretation. The presentation demonstrated how sermons function not only as spiritual guidance but also as powerful discursive tools that construct influence, authority, and social persuasion.
Session Review 10:00 AM to 10:18 AM
Sharifah Ayesha Binti Syed Mohd Noori reviewed the session, appreciating the diversity of topics, perspectives, and scholarly approaches presented. She particularly highlighted the contribution of the youngest presenter as a notable strength, reflecting the inclusivity and emerging talent within the conference.
Q & A Session 10: 19 AM - 10:29 AM
During the Q&A session, Dr Muhammad Abdullah Baig, Dr Saqlain, and Javed Iqbal engaged the presenters with thoughtful questions, fostering critical discussion and deeper reflection on the presented research.
Tea Break: 1030-11:00 AM
Day 2 Session 2: 11:02 AM to 11:15 PM
Presentation 1: 11:02 AM-11:17 AM
Dr Sareen Kaur Bhar, Malacca, Malaysia
Dr Sareen Kaur Bhar delivered a critical and insightful presentation on multilingual leadership, emphasizing how language functions as a key site of power within institutional contexts. She argued that leadership is often judged through linguistic performance, where fluency, confidence, and accent, particularly in English, are associated with authority and professionalism.
Highlighting the case of Malaysia’s linguistic diversity, she demonstrated how institutional practices privilege English while marginalizing other languages, reinforcing linguistic hierarchies. She further showed how everyday interactions, such as meetings, emails, interruptions, and turn-taking,construct leadership, often disadvantaging multilingual speakers who may hesitate or withdraw.
The presentation also addressed accent bias, invisible linguistic labor, and the role of AI and digital spaces in reproducing these inequalities. She concluded by advocating for more inclusive institutional practices that recognize and value linguistic diversity rather than suppressing it in the name of fluency.
Presentation 2: 11:17 AM-11:27 AM
Dr Ghulam Abbas, Assistant Professor, NUML Islamabad
Dr Ghulam Abbas presented an empirical study on the use of the linguistic landscape (LL) as a pedagogical tool in English language teaching. Drawing on data from 100 photographs of signboards in Islamabad and interviews with teachers across educational levels, he highlighted the dominance of English in public signage, with Urdu and multilingual forms appearing less frequently.
The study revealed that while over half of the teachers had used LL materials in teaching, there remains untapped potential, particularly for vocabulary development due to the diversity and authenticity of real-world language use. However, opinions were divided regarding its usefulness for teaching grammar, given the structural limitations of signboard texts. The presentation also addressed issues of lexical deviation and localized usage, emphasizing that such forms reflect living language practices. Overall, he advocated for integrating linguistic landscape resources into classrooms to make language learning more contextual and engaging.
Presentation 3: 11:28 AM-11:38 AM
Rukhsana Zafar, MPhil scholar, Beaconhouse National University
Rukhsana Zafar presented a compelling study on translanguaging in Pakistani university classrooms, particularly within visual art and design contexts. She highlighted translanguaging as a pedagogical approach that challenges rigid linguistic boundaries by encouraging the flexible use of multiple languages to enhance learning and expression.
Based on classroom observations at BNU, field notes, and focus group discussions, the study revealed students’ strong emotional and cognitive connection to their mother tongues, alongside a resistance to exclusive English use. The findings emphasized that allowing students to move fluidly between languages fosters inclusion, identity, and deeper engagement. The presentation concluded that translanguaging not only supports bilingual and multilingual education but also serves as a powerful tool for creating more equitable and student-centered learning environments.
Presentation 4: 11:38 AM-11:50 AM
Ms Eman Khalid Mahmood, Kuwait Technical College, Kuwait
Ms. Iman Khalid Mahmood delivered a critical and forward-looking presentation on the impact of AI on English language learning and academic writing. She raised a fundamental question: if AI can generate essays instantly, what remains the role of language teaching?
She argued that while AI enhances efficiency in error correction and text generation, it risks reducing learners to passive operators rather than active language users, leading to the erosion of authentic academic voice and communicative competence. Emphasizing that AI cannot be banned, she advocated for redefining academic integrity, promoting critical AI literacy, and shifting focus from product to process through strategies such as oral defense and independent practice.
The presentation concluded that AI should function as a supportive tool rather than a substitute for human agency, with teachers evolving into facilitators of critical thinking, ensuring that students remain intellectually engaged and linguistically competent in the AI era.
Presentation: 5, 11:50 AM-12:07 PM
Professor Zahra El Aouri, Rabat, Morocco
Professor Zahra El Aouri’s presentation offered a critical examination of language policy and multilingual practices in Morocco, highlighting both historical trajectories and contemporary challenges. Morocco’s linguistic landscape is inherently complex, encompassing Arabic, French, Spanish, English, and diverse local varieties, and the country has never fully achieved a monolingual system despite shifts from French to Arabic in education. This multilingual reality creates tension in early childhood education, where children’s home language (typically Arabic) often differs from the medium of instruction (French or English), producing cognitive, emotional, and identity-related pressures. Professor El Aouri emphasized that teachers are central to mediating these tensions, requiring specialized training to implement effective multilingual strategies, manage code-switching, and create classroom environments enriched with multilingual materials. She highlighted multilingualism as a profound cognitive asset: fostering metacognitive awareness, flexibility, higher-order thinking, social and cultural competence, and advanced communicative skills. However, she warned that without strategic curriculum planning, teacher development, and parental engagement, multilingualism may exacerbate inequalities. Ultimately, her reflections underscored that language policy is not merely administrative. It is a deliberate intervention shaping cognitive, cultural, and social outcomes for young learners, demonstrating the transformative potential of applied linguistics in early education.
Presentation 6: 12:07 PM-12:18 PM
Afaq Amin
Afaq Amin Rohingya examined how Myanmar’s state policies systematically dismantled Rohingya history and identity, drawing on Habib ur-Rahman's memoir. Through a narrative lens, the presentation highlighted the deliberate erasure of Rohingya culture, language, religious spaces, and family homes as part of a state-sponsored project of spatial violence. Rohingya people were dehumanized, labeled as “black,” “mad dogs,” and “snakes” marginalized, massacred, and stripped of their historical and sociocultural presence. Social media amplified these injustices, exacerbating their suffering. Rahman’s memoir reveals how the systematic denial of history and identity functioned as a tool to justify displacement, cultural genocide, and ongoing persecution of the Rohingya community.
Presentation 7: 12:18 PM-12:30 PM
Dr Saqlian Hassan, Assistant Professor, Ripha International University
Dr. Saqlain Hassan, assistant professor at Ripha International University, introduced the concept of 'linguamorphosis' to describe how Pashto dynamically transforms English loanwords in real time. His research shows that words like “computer” and “mobile” are not merely borrowed but actively reshaped to align with Pashto’s phonetic and morphological systems. Using acoustic analysis, Dr. Hassan demonstrates that Linguamorphosis represents both a mechanism of language contact and a form of cultural resilience, enabling speakers to integrate global vocabulary while preserving their linguistic identity.
Session Review 12:30 PM - 12:25 PM
Dr. Sareen Kaur Bhar reviewed the session, commending all presenters for their thought-provoking contributions. She highlighted how language is deeply tied to identity and is increasingly shaped by technology, borrowing, and translanguaging, as shown in the presentations. Emphasizing the need to rethink assumptions, integrity, and approaches to learning, she urged educators to focus not just on final outcomes but on students’ thinking processes, engaging with language as a dynamic and evolving medium.
Qs & As 12:36 PM - 12:41 PM
During the Q&A, Dr. Shamin Ali asked about gender differences in communication, noting that men often emphasize authority while women focus on relationships. Dr. Sareen Kaur Bhar responded that communication styles vary by context and individual. Subsequent questions addressed themes of leadership, communication strategies, and the role of silence in interaction, all of which were thoughtfully discussed.
Lunch Break: 12:42 PM-1:30 PM
Session 3: 1:30 PM - 2:40 PM Moderated by Ms. Saba Riphah
Keynote Speaker Dr Gennady Medvedev 1:30 PM-1:48 PM
Keynote speaker Dr. Gennady Medvedev delivered an engaging presentation on the linguistic landscape and the integration of AI in ESL classrooms. He emphasized the importance of understanding one’s university context, using AI interactively to enhance learning, and bringing real-world experiences into language teaching. The session concluded with suggestions for follow-up reading to deepen understanding and application.
Presentation 1: 1:48 PM-2:05 PM
Mr Zafeer Hussain Kiani, AJK University
Mr. Zafeer from AJK University presented on the linguistic profile of the Dawoodi /Domaki language (formerly Domaki), a critically endangered language spoken in Gilgit-Baltistan’s Hunza, Nagar, and Yaseen valleys. Only about 15 speakers remain, who prefer the name Dawoodi to dissociate from historical associations of Domaki with musicians and blacksmiths. The study, funded by NSF UK, revealed that most speakers have shifted to Burushaski or Urdu, rarely use Dawwodi, and 80% do not wish to pass it to the next generation, signaling its imminent extinction. The research also explored issues of media exposure, social identity, and caste, highlighting the complex sociolinguistic factors driving language loss.
Presentation: 2:05 PM 2:17 PM
Amar Zerari, Supervisors: Dr. Ghafoor, Zahra Anas, Algeria
Amar Zerari, under the supervision of Dr. Ghafoor and Zahra Anas (Algeria), presented on Hawaiian language revitalization and cultural identity through TV series. His study focused on the pivotal role of media in preserving language and culture, examining the TV series Chief of War (2025). The research asked to what extent the show contributes to maintaining ʻŌlelo HawaiÊ»i and reinforcing Hawaiian cultural identity. The presentation highlighted how language acts as the voice of cultural existence, especially in the context of suppression and endangerment, noting that ʻŌlelo HawaiÊ»i gained recognition in the late 20th century. Media, according to the study, plays a critical role in reconnecting communities with their heritage. The series depicted the Chief attempting to unite tribes while using the native language, demonstrating how television can function as a tool for cultural restoration. Amar employed qualitative content analysis, combining Indigenous media theory with other analytical frameworks. He emphasized that Indigenous voices were given agency through the series and that cultural unity, spirituality, traditional norms, and native speaker involvement significantly contributed to the language’s revival. The presentation concluded that media exposure can broaden the horizon of endangered languages, illustrating the principle: “Media speaks; culture survives.”
Presentation 3: 2:21 PM-2:32 PM
Munazza Bibi RIU Malakand BS English student Supervisor: Dr Saqlain Hassan RUI, Malkand
Munazza Bibi, a BS English student at RIU Malakand, analyzed how Hamas is framed in media headlines during the Israel-Hamas conflict. Using a mixed-methods approach with corpus analysis of The Guardian, she examined word frequency, collocation, and semantic frames to uncover patterns of meaning and ideology. Findings revealed that headlines consistently portray Hamas as active, forceful, and politically failing, highlighting multidimensional framing shaped by editorial and political contexts. The study emphasized the importance of neutral language and critical media literacy to interpret biased representations effectively.
Presentation 4: 2:32 PM - 2:39 PM
Ms Ruqayya
Ms. Ruqayya examined media discourse on Trump’s Gaza Peace Plan using a task-based language education approach. Applying Critical Discourse Analysis and framing theory to reports from AP, USA, Al Jazeera, Middle East Eye, and Dawn, the study revealed contrasting portrayals: U.S. media emphasized American dominance and credited U.S. diplomacy, while Middle Eastern outlets highlighted ambiguity and structural challenges in the plan. The research underscored how news discourse shapes perceptions, represents power, and reflects underlying prejudices in international reporting.
Presentation: 5 2:39 PM-2:49 PM
Ibrar Nafees Minhakj University and co-author
Ibrar Nafees, with a co-author from Minhaj University, analyzed media discourse on peace and war through a corpus-based study of The Guardian, The New York Times, and The Moscow Times, focusing on coverage of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Using KWIC analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis, the study examined how linguistic patterns and discursive ideologies frame war, self-defense, and violence, showing that media often normalize conflict while selectively promoting narratives of justification. The research highlights the role of print media in shaping public perception and the potential for journalism to either advance peace or perpetuate conflict.
Presentation: 6 2:50 PM-3:00 PM
Ayesha Habib, Anmol Shehnaz, Amna Meraj, and coauthor Bilqees College for Women, Noor Khan, PAF Base College
Ayesha Habib, Anmol Shehnaz, Amna Meraj, and co-author from Bilqees College for Women and PAF Base College analyzed the Pakistan-India meme war, exploring how digital spaces have become battlegrounds for national pride and political messaging. Using multimodal analysis, 3D modeling, and Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis, the study showed that memes, collected from Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, shift from entertainment to tools of digital diplomacy, conveying cultural values, political agendas, and nationalistic sentiment. The research highlighted that memes, while humorous, wield real influence in shaping public perception, mediating political tensions, and reinforcing national identity.
Presentation: 7 3:00 PM-3:15 PM
Ms Zain Fatima, Lecturer at Riphah International University, PhD scholar NUML Islamabad
Ms. Zain Fatima, Lecturer at Riphah International University and PhD scholar at NUML Islamabad, analyzed gender performance in TED Talks using a corpus-assisted, mixed-methods approach. Focusing on two talks, one by Lilly Singh and one by Michael Kimmel, she examined multimodal cues, sentiment in YouTube responses, and gender discourse through the lens of Judith Butler’s theory of performativity, showing that gender is enacted through actions rather than assigned at birth. The study highlighted how visual, linguistic, and contextual signs collectively shape perceptions of gender equality and influence audience interpretation.
Presentation: 8 3:15 PM-3:24 PM
Kiran Zahir BS English Riphah Malakand University, Supervisor: Dr. Saqlain Hassan
Kiran Zahir, BS English student at Riphah Malakand University, analyzed public responses to the killing of Charlie Kirk using a mixed-methods approach. Drawing on CBS News coverage, the study employed corpus analysis and sentiment analysis to examine patterns of ideological polarization, empathy, and reactions to the silencing of political speech. Findings revealed a deeply polarized public discourse alongside significant expressions of empathy, highlighting how high-profile events catalyze both division and emotional engagement.
Presentation: 9 3:24 PM-3:33 PM
Laiba Noori, MA English, Gulberg Green Campus, Islamabad. Supervisor: Dr. Isra Irshad
Laiba Noori, an MA English student at Gulberg Green Campus, Islamabad, supervised by Dr. Isra Irshad, analyzed how Muslim characters are portrayed in AI-generated fictional narratives. Using a qualitative interpretive design, she examined 50 short stories generated by ChatGPT, Gemini, and another AI model, each 300–400 words long. Findings showed that while some stories still reflect stereotypes, 84% portrayed Muslims positively, 76% depicted them as calm and composed, and 66% assigned active, agentive roles, suggesting that AI models are mitigating prejudice compared to traditional Western portrayals.
Presentation: 10 3:37 PM-3:45 PM
Allah Daad, PhD scholar; Supervisor Dr Ayesha Zafar
Absent
Panel Discussion 3:45 PM - 4:45 PM
Moderator
Dr Awais bin Wasi
Panel Members
Dr Tahira Jabeen, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, PK
D Sadia Sideeq, COMSATS Islamabad
Dr. Furrukh, AIOU (absent)
Dr Sibtain Hassan, HOD RIU Sahiwal
Dr. Saqlain, Riphah International University, Malakand Campus
Key Themes:
The panel, moderated by Dr. Awais bin Wasi, opened with a synthesis of the key themes emerging from the conference presentations. Among the most prominent topics was the role of AI in education and linguistics, particularly its rapid adoption, transformative potential, and ethical considerations. Discussions highlighted the importance of cross-disciplinary research, which integrates insights from applied linguistics, digital technology, corpus analysis, and pedagogy.
Another recurring theme was language endangerment, with emphasis on the cultural and cognitive consequences of language loss and the pressing need for preservation strategies. The panel also examined the current era of disinformation and misinformation, focusing on how digital and discursive constructions shape public understanding, propagate bias, and challenge educational and linguistic practices.
Additional themes included the epic foundations of healthcare on gerontology, illustrating how narrative and discourse intersect with specialized knowledge domains, and political narratives, showing how language and media shape perception, ideology, and power structures. The interplay between language policy and cognitive potential, particularly regarding the erasure or revitalization of cultural and linguistic heritage, was also highlighted. Attention was given to neurodivergent learners and how evolving digital and pedagogical practices can either support or marginalize them.
From these discussions, three priority themes were selected for the panel focus:
Rapid shift from prohibition to adoption of AI tools in education.
Prompt literacy is the ability to effectively craft and interact with AI prompts to enhance learning outcomes.
AI as a diagnostic tool to improve the quality of teaching, feedback, and language learning assessment.
These themes established the framework for the panel’s in-depth exploration of the opportunities, challenges, and responsibilities associated with AI, multilingualism, and language preservation in contemporary education.
Dr Tahira Jabeen, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, PK
After a historical event, new things emerge; it is happening every day. A couple of years ago, acceptance was 10 percent; now, acceptance is 94 percent.
Morphological changes: young people are coming up with new terms using emojis and hashtags more commonly now that we are living in a globally multilingual network. Technology-enhanced learning. Real-time feedback, learning new languages, pronunciation, etc., gamification, corpus linguistics, NLP, multimodal analysis, and digital technology are reshaping it. This is the age of disinformation; the digital divide is there. AI platforms prefer some languages while others are benignly ignored.
(The digital turn is evident; it is a fact now. After this digital turn, what areas of research need to be explored by students? (interjected by Dr Awais bin Wasi)
She answered close reading, distance, time, literature, language, and change over time, though with digital tools, there is a challenge: what kind of genre is authorship? E-literature: We need to redefine it now.
Dr Awais Bin Wasi pointed to another dimension of ethical problems: How can we maintain balance in the gains and losses of AI tools
She replied, "AI tools are not replacements." Students are using AI and must be transparent and declare it to show responsibility. You have to see integrity in bias in it if there is plagiarism by AI. The main responsibility lies with us as humans.
Dr Sibtain Aslam, HOD English Department, Riphah International University, Sahiwal Campus
AI Challenges, Ethical Frameworks, and Language Inclusion
Dr. Sibtain Aslam, HOD of the English Department at Riphah International University, Sahiwal Campus, highlighted the challenges and ethical considerations in integrating AI into educational and linguistic practices. He identified the most urgent concern as the “competence illusion”, where students may submit AI-generated work in assessments such as vivas or interviews without being able to produce a coherent, logical response themselves. This gap underscores the need to rebuild assessment frameworks, including viva structures and portfolios, to ensure students’ authentic engagement and understanding.
Dr. Aslam stressed the principles of transparency, agency, and accountability. Students must declare AI usage and contribute original insights, as mere adherence to rules without education leads to anxiety rather than learning. Ethical frameworks must therefore prioritize student responsibility, human oversight, and informed use of AI, rather than rigid prohibition.
He further drew attention to the under-theorized connection between AI and endangered Pakistani languages. While AI models are primarily trained on English, limited representation exists for Urdu, Saraiki, Hindko, Brahvi, Dawwodi, and other local languages. This imbalance threatens linguistic diversity and marginalizes minority language communities. Dr. Aslam emphasized that applied linguists and educators must advocate for the inclusion of these languages in AI corpora, ensuring their survival, visibility, and equitable treatment in the era of digital and AI-mediated learning.
D Sadia Sideeq, COMSATS Islamabad
Language Preservation and Culturalicide
Dr. D. Sadia Sideeq from COMSATS Islamabad addressed the critical issue of language endangerment and its broader sociocultural implications. She introduced the concept of "culturalicide," emphasizing that the loss of languages equates to the erosion of the ideologies, histories, and communities they sustain. Language, she argued, is not merely a communication tool but a vessel of identity, knowledge, and cultural continuity; its disappearance represents a profound societal loss.
Dr. Sideeq provided a synthesis of the conference presentations related to language preservation, highlighting key findings and best practices. She illustrated her points with examples and quotations from the presented papers, offering a reflective and critical perspective on the causes of language endangerment, including sociopolitical marginalization, lack of institutional support, and technological biases in AI and media.
Her contribution underscored the interconnectedness of language survival, cultural resilience, and community empowerment, urging applied linguists, educators, and policymakers to actively advocate for the protection and revitalization of endangered languages. Through her analysis, the panel emphasized that saving languages is synonymous with saving cultural heritage and community identity, aligning with broader global efforts to sustain linguistic diversity.
Dr. Saqlain, Riphah International University, Malakand Campus
Linguamorphosis, Multilingualism, and Strategic Linguistic Capital
Dr. Saqlain Hassan from Riphah International University, Malakand Campus, introduced the concept of “Linguamorphosis”, a dynamic process describing the real-time structural transformation of a language under the influence of external lexical and phonological elements. He illustrated this with Pashto’s adaptation of English loanwords like “computer” and “mobile,” showing that rather than passively borrowing, Pashto actively reshapes these terms to fit its native phonetic, morphological, and grammatical systems. Using acoustic software measurements, his research demonstrated that Linguamorphosis is more than a phenomenon of language contact; it represents a deliberate act of cultural and linguistic resilience, allowing languages to adopt global vocabulary while preserving identity.
Dr. Hassan emphasized that languages must engage in import/export processes, borrowing selectively to enhance semantic richness while avoiding homogenization. For example, he noted that the Dawoodi language is endangered because it lacks external contact, borrowing, and a lingua franca. Strategic linguistic planning, therefore, is essential to maintain lexical vitality, cultural integrity, and ecological diversity of languages.
The discussion also addressed tipping points in language evolution, where unplanned or excessive borrowing can threaten a language’s unique character. Dr. Hassan argued that multilingualism and translingual practices are assets, not threats, provided they are managed carefully and consciously. Dr. Sadia Sideeq contributed by emphasizing the assessment of local language competence, noting that forced translation or borrowing should be avoided when local words suffice.
Finally, Dr. Awais bin Wasi highlighted the need for new research directions based on these insights, urging scholars to explore language preservation, AI integration, and multilingualism as intertwined areas of study. This discussion reinforced the conference’s broader theme: languages can evolve, absorb, and innovate without losing their identity, if guided by informed, ethical, and strategic interventions.
Dean Riphah International University concluding remarks 4:45 PM - 4:50 PM
Remarks: Professor Dr. Abdulhamit Birışık, Dean, FSSH, Riphah International University
Professor Dr. Abdulhamit Birışık delivered the closing remarks, highlighting the depth and breadth of linguistic inquiry discussed during the conference. He emphasized the importance of understanding the nuances of language beyond literal meaning, noting that words in the Quranic Arabic carry cultural and historical layers that must be interpreted with wisdom.
Dr. Birışık underscored that linguistics is not confined to English but is inherently cross-disciplinary, extending into other languages, cultures, and academic fields. He called attention to the richness of the Arabic language and culture, referencing the concept of feh mul lugha, and encouraged participants to continue exploring linguistic diversity in future research. His remarks concluded the conference on a note of intellectual curiosity, interdisciplinary engagement, and respect for linguistic heritage.
Dr. Muhammad Abdullah Baid, HOD, DELL RIU 4;50 PM-4;59 PM
Muhammad Abdullah Baid opened his remarks with a profound reflection on Surah Az-Zalzalah (99:7–8):
“So whoever does an atom’s weight of good will see it, and whoever does an atom’s weight of evil will see it.”
He emphasized the ethical dimension of scholarship, cautioning against AI-generated research and plagiarism without proper attribution. Stressing integrity in research, he encouraged participants to spread good through knowledge, aligning academic work with ethical and moral responsibility.
Dr. Baid highlighted the diversity of themes at ICAL 26, noting the introduction of 26 new themes, reflecting the conference’s growth and interdisciplinary breadth. He urged scholars to move beyond Eurocentric or Anglocentric perspectives, exploring linguistic and cultural insights from the Quran and the teachings of the Prophet (PBUH), which hold rich potential for theorizing language evolution, politeness theory, and other applied linguistic frameworks.
He also formally announced ICAL 2027, to be held before Ramadan, encouraging continued participation and research engagement. Dr. Baid extended heartfelt appreciation to the Dean of FSSH, Vice Chancellor, university administration, and the entire conference team, singling out Hamid Hussain Shah and Dr. Sidra Mahmood for their exceptional contributions. His remarks concluded with gratitude to all participants for their active involvement, reflecting a spirit of collaboration, ethics, and scholarly dedication.
Appreciation and Souvenir Presentation
At 5:00 PM – 5:11 PM, Dr. Smina Nadeem, Assistant Professor, FSSH, formally announced the presentation of names and souvenirs to all organizers in recognition of their contributions.
With this gesture of appreciation, the ICAL 26 conference officially concluded at 5:11 PM on Sunday, 5th April 2026.
Riphah ICAL '26 and the Linguistic Horizon
The conclusion of the International Conference on Applied Linguistics (ICAL '26) does not merely mark the end of a scholarly gathering; it signals a pivotal moment in our understanding of language in the digital epoch. ICAL '26 unfolded not as a static compendium of presentations, but as a living demonstration of applied linguistics in action. In a time when the intersections of language, technology, and society demand urgent attention, one truth becomes inescapable: applied linguistics is not merely descriptive. It is prescriptive, ethical, and inherently interventionist.
Generative AI, in its current trajectory, functions both as a sophisticated instrument and a revelatory mirror. It amplifies human creativity, reshapes pedagogical landscapes, and offers unprecedented insights into language processing and multilingual dynamics. Yet, this technological leap simultaneously exposes critical fault lines: the asymmetric representation of global languages, the looming threat of homogenization, and the subtle erosion of human agency when computational tools outpace cognitive understanding. Applied linguists are thus entrusted with a profound responsibility: to ensure that these systems serve the human and cultural imperatives of diverse language communities, rather than compelling communities to conform to algorithmic convenience.
Language endangerment can no longer be approached through passive documentation or digital archiving alone. Applied linguistics demands that we consider cognitive potential, cultural embedding, and social praxis as active variables in every intervention. Preservation, revitalization, and controlled innovation are deliberate acts within a living linguistic ecosystem. To be meaningful, such interventions must be rigorously evidence-based, ethically grounded, and acutely responsive to the needs of marginalized communities whose languages inhabit the peripheries of global attention.
The rapid emergence of new digital literacies, prompt engineering, multimodal communication, and hybrid e-authorship further underscores that our methodologies must evolve as swiftly as the phenomena we study. ICAL '26 leaves us with profound, inescapable questions:
How do we redefine authorship when AI mediates the architecture of thought itself?
How do we design pedagogy so that technological fluency enhances, rather than diminishes, critical linguistic competence?
How do we construct corpora and computational models that empower low-resource languages and resist the hegemony of dominant tongues?
Applied linguistics, in this era, is intervention with foresight: the deliberate shaping of language learning, usage, and preservation in ways that are informed, ethical, and resilient. We occupy a historic crossroads where research must meet responsibility, innovation must meet cultural stewardship, and theoretical knowledge must meet direct application. Here, linguists do not merely observe change; they consciously, profoundly, and ethically shape it. ICAL '26 has illuminated this terrain, charting a path for applied linguistics that is at once visionary, responsible, and transformative.
SDTS Evaluation of ICAL-26
1. Introduction
The International Conference on Applied Linguistics (ICAL-26), hosted by the Department of English Linguistics and Literature (DELL), Riphah International University, Islamabad, represents a pivotal platform for examining contemporary challenges in language research. Spanning two days, the conference brought together national and international scholars, postgraduate researchers, and students, providing a dynamic forum for discourse in ecolinguistics, media studies, literary linguistics, discourse analysis, and the study of language, society, and power.
This report evaluates the conference proceedings through the Scenario-Driven Theoretical Synthesis (SDTS) Framework, developed by worthy professor Dr Shamim Ali of Riphah International University, highlighting strengths, areas for improvement, and recommendations for future scholarly engagement.
2. Conference Overview
Conference Title: International Conference on Applied Linguistics (ICAL-26)
Duration: Two Days
Host Institution: DELL, Riphah International University, Islamabad
Participants: National and international scholars, researchers, and postgraduate students
Core Areas Covered:
Ecolinguistics
Discourse Analysis
Media and Communication
Literary Linguistics
Language, Society, and Power
3. Analytical Framework for Evaluation
The SDTS Framework provides a structured lens for evaluating scholarly presentations. Its six stages facilitate doctoral-level engagement with empirical and theoretical material:
Scenario Immersion: Deep engagement with the empirical or textual context.
Theoretical Mapping: Identification and application of relevant theoretical frameworks.
Stress-Testing of Theories: Critical examination of theory under diverse scenarios.
Dialectical Tension: Engagement with conflicting perspectives to refine understanding.
Theoretical Synthesis and Refinement: Integrating insights across frameworks to generate novel knowledge.
Epistemic Self-Assessment: Reflection on the researcher’s assumptions, limitations, and methodological rigor.
This framework enables systematic assessment of depth, originality, and scholarly rigor in each presentation.
4. Evaluation of Key Presentations
Presentation 1: “Stories of Green”: An Eco-linguistic Analysis of Greenwashing – Laiba Allah Rakha
Strengths: Strong empirical grounding using real advertisements; effective application of ecolinguistic theory.
Areas for Improvement: Limited integration across multiple theoretical frameworks.
Presentation 2: Technological Humanism and Ecological Discourse (WondLa) – Aqsa Bibi
Strengths: Innovative scenario selection from media discourse; creative ecological application.
Areas for Improvement: Moderate stress-testing of theory; deeper dialectical engagement needed.
Presentation 3: – Khawaja Umer Rashid & Fiza Faiz
Strengths: Robust SFL-based analysis; clear textual interpretation.
Areas for Improvement: Limited original theoretical contribution.
Presentation 4: – Sabrina Zemmour
Strengths: High analytical clarity; strong empirical grounding; effective audience engagement; demonstrated dialectical reasoning.
Areas for Improvement: Minor scope for deeper cross-theoretical synthesis.
5. Thematic Synthesis Across Two Days
5.1 Language as a Tool of Social Transformation
The conference highlighted language as a mechanism for shaping:
Environmental awareness
Social ideologies
Power relations
5.2 Rise of Ecolinguistics
Ecolinguistics emerged as a dominant trajectory, reflecting global concern with climate discourse and sustainability.
5.3 Interdisciplinary Integration
Successful integration included:
Linguistics and media studies
Literary analysis and ecological theory
Technology and discourse studies
6. SDTS-Based Overall Evaluation
Strengths:
Strong scenario-based empirical grounding
Adequate theoretical awareness and application
Increasing focus on real-world relevance
Areas for Development:
Limited theoretical stress-testing (Stage 3)
Weak cross-theoretical synthesis (Stage 5)
Minimal explicit epistemic self-reflection (Stage 6)
Overall Verdict:
Presentations collectively fall within the “Proficient” range, with potential to advance to “Outstanding” through deeper theoretical synthesis and innovation.
7. Key Takeaways
Applied linguistics is evolving into a problem-solving discipline.
A clear shift from description → critique → transformation was observed.
Future research should prioritize theoretical innovation and synthesis.
8. Recommendations
For Organizers:
Encourage SDTS-based presentation structures
Introduce panel discussions to facilitate dialectical engagement
Include clear evaluation rubrics for presenters
For Researchers:
Move beyond application toward theoretical refinement
Strengthen critical and comparative analysis
Incorporate metacognitive reflection in presentations
9. Conclusion
ICAL-26 represents a significant academic milestone, reaffirming applied linguistics’ relevance in addressing contemporary global challenges. The conference successfully facilitated scholarly exchange, interdisciplinary dialogue, and intellectual engagement, while emphasizing the need for deeper theoretical synthesis, methodological rigor, and innovative research frameworks.
The Department of English Linguistics and Literature (DELL), Riphah International University, is to be commended for organizing an intellectually rigorous and socially meaningful event.
ICAL-26 demonstrates the critical role of applied linguistics in shaping social, ecological, and technological discourse. It fostered critical inquiry, dialogue, and innovation, setting a benchmark for future conferences in the field.
Compiled by:
Riaz Laghari, PhD, English Linguistics Scholar, Department of English Linguistics and Literature (DELL), Riphah International University (RIU), Islamabad
Visiting Lecturer in English, Quaid-i-Azam University & NUML Islamabad,
4-5 April 2026
